Danish researchers working with researchers at the University of
Barcelona have been studying girls born smaller than average size. They
have been studying their body size, their fat cells, their fat hormones
like leptin and adiponectin and watching how they develop from birth, to
age 2, 4, 6 and 8. Because prior research shows that reduced fetal
growth can actually trigger both early puberty, and early onset of
adrenal gland maturity, but small ovaries, they have been trying to then
determine what happens to their physiology after that. In a study
published in the July 2011 issue of Fertility and Sterility they
published the interesting result of a group of about 30 girls. On the
surface being born tiny didn't affect their body type much. The girls
grew height, they gained muscle and they developed healthy bones at the
same rates. But when they looked more closely they saw physiological
changes. The fat hormone leptin began to run higher in girls born small,
the fat hormone adiponectin was abnormally low, insulin levels crept up
to high levels, they were more likely to have high cholesterol and
abnormally low levels of the molecule SHBG. SHBG is important in binding
male hormones, so these children were already exhibiting the elevations
in male hormones that later in life are associated with menstrual cycle
irregularities, hair growth and obesity as well as polycystic ovarian
condition. When the girls were born small, they had fewer fat deposits,
but as they grew a catch up phenomenon began and the girls gained extra
fat and gained this fat extra fast. The fat cells were also bigger, and
these enlarged adipocytes, also seen in PCOS, leads to an ease of laying
down fat that causes women to be obese as they age. So starting out
abnormally small, a medical condition called SGA (small for gestational
age) functions as a physiologic trigger that can explain some cases of
obesity later in life. These changes are apparent at very young ages in
this population of girls. The cure for this is the next step. We don't
have answers but using diet, exercise and perhaps in the future
medication, to normalize the levels of the fat hormones leptin and
adiponectin may in fact help these girls not be doomed to automatic
obesity!
Danish researchers working with researchers at the University of
Barcelona have been studying girls born smaller than average size. They
have been studying their body size, their fat cells, their fat hormones
like leptin and adiponectin and watching how they develop from birth, to
age 2, 4, 6 and 8. Because prior research shows that reduced fetal
growth can actually trigger both early puberty, and early onset of
adrenal gland maturity, but small ovaries, they have been trying to then
determine what happens to their physiology after that. In a study
published in the July 2011 issue of Fertility and Sterility they
published the interesting result of a group of about 30 girls. On the
surface being born tiny didn't affect their body type much. The girls
grew height, they gained muscle and they developed healthy bones at the
same rates. But when they looked more closely they saw physiological
changes. The fat hormone leptin began to run higher in girls born small,
the fat hormone adiponectin was abnormally low, insulin levels crept up
to high levels, they were more likely to have high cholesterol and
abnormally low levels of the molecule SHBG. SHBG is important in binding
male hormones, so these children were already exhibiting the elevations
in male hormones that later in life are associated with menstrual cycle
irregularities, hair growth and obesity as well as polycystic ovarian
condition. When the girls were born small, they had fewer fat deposits,
but as they grew a catch up phenomenon began and the girls gained extra
fat and gained this fat extra fast. The fat cells were also bigger, and
these enlarged adipocytes, also seen in PCOS, leads to an ease of laying
down fat that causes women to be obese as they age. So starting out
abnormally small, a medical condition called SGA (small for gestational
age) functions as a physiologic trigger that can explain some cases of
obesity later in life. These changes are apparent at very young ages in
this population of girls. The cure for this is the next step. We don't
have answers but using diet, exercise and perhaps in the future
medication, to normalize the levels of the fat hormones leptin and
adiponectin may in fact help these girls not be doomed to automatic
obesity!
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