The American Society of Reproductive Medicine has just issued it's new Committee on the role of tubal surgery now that we also have in vitro fertilization (IVF). Women who have had prior PID, prior endometriosis, prior pelvic surgery, previous tubal ligation, or other chronic vaginal infections may have blocked fallopian tubes as the reason for their infertility. For many years we only had the ability to perform open surgeries to correct these problems and help women with tubal blockage have a child. Then for many years physicians were erring on the side of IVF because the pregnancy rate per cycle is slightly better than say putting cut tubes back together. But tubal surgeries can be very cost effective and fixing the tubes, if it works, will allow women to be fertile for the years going forward, not just that one cycle of IVf. So the committee has weighed in on a number of issues, first they have said that a firm diagnosis of the problem should be achieved. And if there is blockage on the x-ray or ultrasound, consider repeating the test, sometimes they will show openings in a second round. Also the committee has indicated that a tube damaged beyond repair should be removed. Tubes that only have a bit of scaring at their end should be opened surgically to try to correct fertility issues. Some women with prior tubal ligations should try to have their tubes reconnected not just have IVF. Some women with blockage at the point where the tube implants could have a type of drilling procedure that is done under ultrasound, x-ray or with the hysteroscope (operating within the uterus) that just reopens the blocked portion. So the committee reminded women that some tubes can be fixed, others you may need to lose by surgical removal to improve your chance at fertility.
Fortunately IUD pregnancy failures are rare. But if you have an IUD for contraception, and you get a positive pregnancy test, you probably ask yourself, what next? Well, make your gyno appointment promptly, this is a condition that is not typically an emergency, but it can be and it’s not handled over the phone or on a blog, or through self diagnosis! That being said, some researchers from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas decided to look back at over 4100 women who had IUDs and of those 42 cases who became pregnant in their institution, over about a year period of time, to help understand what these women could expect when they got to their gyno and what actually happened to their pregnancies. Accurate pregnancy diagnosis, pelvic examination, and pelvic ultrasound were the cornerstones of the evaluations. They had very specific ways they looked at their ultrasound to prove there was no pregnancy in the fallopian tube, or partially in the fallopian tube...
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